Cantafio v. Schnelle.

2025 CO 39. No. 24SC204. Malicious Prosecution—Probable Cause—Summary Judgment—Directed Verdict.

Colorado Education Association v. Colorado State Board of Education.

2025 COA 56. No. 24CA1085. Licensed Personnel Performance Evaluation Act—Performance Evaluation Ratings for Teachers—Process for Nonprobationary Teacher to Appeal Second Consecutive Performance Evaluation Rating of Ineffective or Partially Ineffective—Deference Accorded to Agency Interpretation of Its Statute—Burden of Proof.

People v. Sotade.

2025 CO 38. No. 25SA9. Colorado Criminal Justice Records Act—Statutory Interpretation—Venue—Ancillary Jurisdiction.

Hushen v. Gonzales.

2025 CO 37. No. 23SC818. Quasi-Judicial—Absolute Privilege—Title IX.

Jefferson County v. Dozier.

2025 CO 36. No. 23SC483. Governmental Immunity—Dangerous Condition—Waiver of Immunity—Burden of Proof—Pretrial Procedure—Municipal, County, and Local Government—Unintended or Unreasonable Results; Absurdity.

In re Parental Responsibilities Concerning K.M.S.

2025 CO 35. No. 24SC788. Statutory Construction—Plain Language—Standing—Grandparent Visitation.

Bertoia v. Galaxy Management Co.

2025 COA 55. No. 23CA2110. Bankruptcy—Breach of Contract—Abuse of Process—Sixth Amendment—Federal Supremacy—Preemption.

People in Interest of R.M.P.

2025 CO 34. No. 25SA78. Dependency and Neglect—Dependency and Neglect Proceedings and Procedure—Standing—Parens Patriae—Non-State Parties in Dependency and Neglect Proceedings—Counsel for Youth—Guardian ad Litem—People in Interest of R.E.

People in Interest of A.T.S.

2025 COA 53. No. 22CA1175. Delinquency—Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—Child Victim’s Trial Testimony—Use of Closed-Circuit Television—Defendant’s Presence—Prosecutorial Misconduct—Sufficiency of Evidence.

Judicial Department Forms—May 2025

J.H. v. Anthem Blue Cross Life and Health Insurance Co.

No. 24-4052. 5/21/2025. D.Utah. Judge Hartz. Employee Retirement Income Security Act—Employee Welfare Benefit Plan—Limitations Period—Time-Barred Actions.

United States v. Rosenschein.

No. 23-2017. 5/12/2025. D.N.M. Judge Eid. Possession and Distribution of Child Pornography—Electronic Service Providers—Reports of Child Exploitation—Fourth Amendment—Motion to Suppress—Motion to Dismiss.

Mauldin v. Driscoll.

No. 24-7010. 5/6/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Federico. Employment—Age Discrimination in Employment Act—Title VII of the Civil Rights Act—Retaliation—Interested Witness Evidence—Summary Judgment—Pretext.

United States v. Ward.

No. 23-7088. 5/6/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Bacharach. Miranda Rights—Post-Arrest Partial Silence—Due Process—Cross-Examination.

AdHealth, Ltd. v. PorterCare Adventist Health Systems.

No. 24-1273. 5/2/2025. D.Colo. Judge Phillips. Hospitals—Self-Insurance—Excess Liability Coverage—Definition of Medical Incident.

United States v. Day.

No. 23-5084. 5/2/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Hartz. Possession of Fentanyl With Intent to Distribute—US Sentencing Guidelines § 2D1.1(b)(12)—Rental Unit—Premises Control—Meaning of “Maintain”—Possessory Interest in Premises.

Concerning the Application for Water Rights of Town of Firestone.

2025 CO 33. No. 24SA109. Water Law—Conditional Groundwater Rights—Augmentation Plans.

Snow v. People.

2025 CO 32. No. 23SC775. Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Postconviction Proceedings—Illegal Manner—Illegal Sentence—Crim. P. 35(a)—Crim. P. 32—People v. Weeks—Meza v. People

Tennyson v. People.

2025 CO 31. No. 23SC168. Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Postconviction Proceedings—Illegal Manner—Illegal Sentence—Crim. P. 35(a)—Crim. P. 32—People v. Weeks—Sanoff v. People—People v. Baker—Meza v. People.

People v. Roberson.

2025 CO 30. No. 23SC622. Criminal Procedure—Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Waiver—Statutory Rights.

Johnson v. People.

2025 CO 29. No. 23SC525. Criminal Procedure—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Restitution—Waiver—Directory Statutes—Statutory Rights.

People in Interest of B.C.B.

2025 CO 28. No. 24SC539. Dependency and Neglect—In Utero Substance Exposure.

American Heritage Railways, Inc. v. Colorado Public Utilities Commission.

2025 CO 27. No. 24SA184. Public Utilities—Jurisdiction—Standing—Due Process.

Babcock v. People.

2025 CO 26. No. 23SC583. Restitution—Statutory Interpretation—Procedural Deadlines—Statutory Waiver.

People v. Ganaway.

2025 CO 25. No. 24SA244. Fourth Amendment—Search and Seizure—Consent.

Bonde v. People.

2025 CO 24. No. 23SC784. Presentence Confinement Credit—CRS § 18-1.3-405—“Confinement”—People v. Hoecher—Community Corrections—Nonresidential Community Corrections Sentences—Parole—Stare Decisis—Mootness—Statutory Interpretation.

BNC Metropolitan District No. 1 v. BNC Metropolitan District No. 3.

2025 COA 52. No. 24CA1093. Breach of Fiduciary Duty—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Actions Against Public Employees—Acts or Omissions Outside the Scope of Employment—Notice of Claim.

Parental Responsibilities Concerning C.E.S.K.

2025 COA 51. No. 23CA1608. Allocation of Parental Responsibilities—Permanent Orders—Death of Party Before Entry of Permanent Orders—Motion to Intervene—Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

People v. Schlehuber.

2025 COA 50. No. 23CA1576. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—CRE 403—CRE 404(b).

People v. Genrich.

2025 COA 49. No. 23CA1183. Crim. P. 35(c)—Postconviction Remedies—New Trial Based on Newly Discovered Evidence—Changed Scientific Standards—Probability of Acquittal.

People v. Melara.

2025 COA 48. No. 23CA1125. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—Lack of Evidence Presented—Plea Offer—Scope of Expert’s Testimony—Severance of Charges—Child Hearsay—Cumulative Error.

In re Trenshaw v. Jennings.

2025 CO 23. No. 24SA262. Physician-Patient Privilege—CRS § 13-90-107(1)(d)—Waiver of the Physician-Patient Privilege—Clark v. District Court—People v. Covington—Jordan v. Terumo BCT, Inc.—CRCP 26(b)(5)—C.A.R. 21.

In re People v. Crawford.

2025 CO 22. No. 24SA226. Stalking—First Amendment—Counterman v. Colorado—Contents of Speech.

In re County Commissioners of Boulder County v. Suncor Energy USA, Inc.

2025 CO 21. No. 24SA206. Federal Preemption—Clean Air Act.

People v. Nkongolo.

2025 CO 20. No. 24SA333. Voluntary Statements—Coercive Conduct—Agent of the Police—Government Actor—Implied Promise or Threat—Suppression of Evidence—Overbore Defendant’s Will.

People v. Chapman.

2025 CO 19. No. 25SA114. Disqualification of Chief Prosecutor or of Office Itself—Discretion of Lower Court—Right of Prosecution to Review.

Bakes v. Denver Health and Hospital Authority.

2025 COA 47. Nos. 24CA0298 & 24CA0325. Health Care Worker Protection Act—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Colorado Whistleblower Act—Prefiling Notice of Claim.

In re People v. Beverly.

2025 CO 18. No. 24SA258. Intervening Cause—Proximate Cause—Suicidal Intent—Distribution—Fentanyl—C.A.R. 21.

Americans for Prosperity v. State of Colorado.

2025 COA 46. No. 24CA1066. Taxation—Taxpayer Bill of Rights—Creation of a New Fee-Based Enterprise—SB 21-260—Single-Subject Requirement—State Revenues Cap.

Johnson v. Staab.

2025 COA 45. No. 24CA0683. Damages—Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Colorado Constitution Article II, § 7—Searches and Seizures—Search Warrant Affidavits—False Statements and Material Omissions.

Marquez v. Schaefer.

2025 COA 44. No. 24CA0357. Firearms—Unlawful Acts—Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic Violence—Conviction for Violating a Municipal Ordinance.

People v. Jones.

2025 COA 43. No. 23CA0590. Character Evidence—Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts—CRE 404(b)—Witness Credibility—Jury Instructions.

Caylao-Do v. Logue.

2025 COA 42. No. 23CA0195. Competency of Juror as Witness—Inquiry Into Validity of Verdict or Indictment—Batson Challenges—Peremptory Strikes—Effect of In Limine Order—CRE 606(b)—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act Damages Cap.

People v. Rose.

No. 24PDJ065. 3/10/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Mattisson.

No. 25PDJ7. 3/18/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

Griefe v. People.

No. 24PDJ061. 3/3/2025. Opinion Denying Reinstatement Under CRCP 242.39.

People v. Arroyo.

No. 24PDJ075. 3/4/2025. Opinion Imposing Sanctions Under CRCP 242.31(b).

Double Eagle Alloys, Inc. v. Hooper.

No. 24-5089. 4/22/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Phillips. Trade Secret Violations—Defend Trade Secrets Act—Oklahoma Uniform Trade Secrets Act—Misappropriation of Confidential Business Information—Civil Conspiracy—Underlying Tort.

United States v. Coulter.

No. 24-6026. 4/15/2025. W.D.Okla. Judge Tymkovich. Restitution—But-for Cause of Victim’s Injuries—Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act—Expert Opinion.

Knellinger v. Young.

No. 23-1018. 4/11/2025. D.Colo. Judge Eid. Colorado Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act—42 USC § 1983—Standing—Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)—Fifth Amendment—Fourteenth Amendment.

United States v. Gutierrez.

No. 23-2076. 4/4/2025. D.N.M. Judge Tymkovich. US Sentencing Guidelines—Sixth Amendment Speedy Trial Right—Postconviction Sentencing—Prosecutorial Delay—Prejudice—COVID-19 Pandemic.

Culp v. Remington of Montrose Golf Club, LLC.

No. 24-1022. 3/31/2025. D.Colo. Judge Hartz. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act—Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act—Inconsistent Special Verdicts—Punitive Damages.

United States v. Romero.

No. 23-8056. 3/26/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Hartz. Guilty Plea—Change of Plea—Affirmative Defense of Duress—Discretion to Accept or Reject Plea—Plea Colloquy—Factual Basis to Support Plea.

Franktown Citizens Coalition II, Inc. v. Independence Water and Sanitation District.

2025 CO 5M. No. 23SA154. Not Nontributary Groundwater—Denver Basin—Augmentation Plan—Anti-Speculation Doctrine—Denial of Motion for Summary Judgment—Injury.

Waugh v. Veith.

No. 24CA0741. Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Costs Awards to Defendants—Required Finding of Frivolousness—General Rule Allowing Prevailing Defendants to Recover Reasonable Costs.

Mid-Century Insurance Co. v. HIVE Construction, Inc.

2025 CO 17. No. 23SC267. Economic Loss Rule—Willful and Wanton Conduct—Construction Contracts.

Sanchez v. Rains Precision Motorsports, Inc.

2025 COA 40. No. 24CA0725. Colorado Motor Vehicle Repair Act of 1977—Repairs on a Motor Vehicle—Negligence—Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict—Sufficiency of Evidence.

People v. Furness.

2025 CO 16. No. 24SA255. Warrantless Searches—Areas of Vehicle—Automobile Exception—Probable Cause.

Garcia v. Centura Health Corp.

2025 CO 15. No. 24SA257. Hospital Lien Statute—Discovery Disputes—Abuse of Discretion.

In re People in Interest of J.D.

2025 CO 14. No. 24SA193. Statutory Construction—Plain Language—Juvenile Justice—Competency to Stand Trial.

People v. Hernandez.

2025 CO 13. No. 24SA213. Appellate Procedure—As-Applied Constitutional Rulings—Facial Constitutional Rulings—C.A.R. 4(b)(6)—CRS § 16-112-102(1)—CRS § 13-4-110(2), (3).

People v. Spomer.

2025 COA 39. No. 23CA1556. Interstate Agreement on Detainers—Detainer Definition—Arrest Warrants.

People v. Harmon.

2025 COA 38. No. 21CA1443. Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—CRE 804—Sufficiency of Evidence—Hearsay Exceptions—Declarant Unavailable—Former Testimony.

Willis v. Twin Shores Master Owner Ass’n.

2025 COA 37. No. 24CA0369. Torts—Common Interest Community Association—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Injured Party’s Status as Invitee Versus Licensee—Summary Judgment.

People v. Claycomb.

2025 COA 36. No. 23CA1112. Jury Instructions—Definitional Instructions—Proximate Cause—Instructions Regarding Continued Deliberation.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

Request for Comments: Colorado Rules of Evidence

People v. Duran.

2025 COA 34. No. 23CA1134. Postconviction Remedies—Assault in the First Degree—Extreme Indifference—Eighth Amendment—Proportionality Review—Per Se Grave or Serious Offenses.

Luethje v. Kyle.

No. 24-1257. 3/19/2025. D.Colo. Judge McHugh. Fourth Amendment—Unlawful Search—Warrantless Arrest—Excessive Force—Qualified Immunity—Use of Canine—Failure to Supervise.

Iron Bar Holdings, LLC v. Cape.

No. 23-8043. 3/18/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Tymkovich. Checkerboard Land Parcels—Trespass—Corner-Crossing—Unlawful Inclosures Act—Summary Judgment.

United States v. Gaye.

No. 23-1240. 3/10/2025. D.Colo. Judge Tymkovich. Search Warrant—Bullet Removed With Patient’s Consent—False Report of a Crime—Felon in Possession of a Firearm—Fourth Amendment—Motion to Suppress.

United States v. Norton.

No. 24-2059. 3/5/2025. D.N.M. Judge McHugh. DNA Evidence—Motion to Suppress—False Statement in Search Warrant Application—Fourth Amendment.

United States ex rel. Fiorisce, LLC v. Colorado Technical University, Inc.

No. 24-1047. 3/4/2025. D.Colo. Judge Matheson. Qui Tam Lawsuit—Appellate Jurisdiction—Collateral Source Doctrine—False Claims Act—Public Disclosure Bar—Motion to Dismiss.

United States v. Davis.

No. 24-5018. 2/25/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Kelly. US Sentencing Guidelines § 4A1.2(c)(2)—Prior Conviction for Underage Drinking—Conviction Similar to a Juvenile Status Offense—Common Sense Approach to Similarity Analysis.

In re Raykin.

2025 CO 12. No. 24SA216. Colorado Rules of Professional Conduct—ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions—Court Rules Interpretation—Colo. RPC 4.4(a).

Martinez v. Cast, LLC.

2025 COA 32. No. 23CA1909. Landlords and Tenants—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Local Ordinances—International Fire Code—Smoke Alarms—Landowner.

Estate of Ross v. Public Service Co. of Colorado.

2025 COA 31. No. 23CA1537. Wrongful Death—Limitation on Damages—Felonious Killing Exception—Corporations—49 C.F.R. § 192.614.

People v. Rodriguez-Ortiz.

2025 COA 30. No. 22CA0224. Possession, Use, or Removal of Explosives or Incendiary Devices—Fourth Amendment—Searches and Seizures—Search Warrants—Probable Cause—Particularity—Expert Testimony—Sentencing.

Judicial Department Forms—March 2025

In re Marriage of Dale.

2025 COA 29. No. 24CA1065. Modification of Parenting Time—Restriction of Parenting Time—Quantitative Versus Qualitative Reduction.

Curry v. Brewer.

2025 COA 28. No. 24CA0364. Workers’ Compensation—Coverage and Liability—Independent Contractors—Cause of Action Brought Against Another Not in the Same Employ—Evidence of Negligence.

Gilley v. Oviatt.

2025 COA 27. No. 23CA1950. Negligence—Damages—Past Medical Expenses—Substantial Evidence—Necessary and Reasonable Treatment Incurred as a Result of an Accident—Motion for Directed Verdict.

People v. Williams.

2025 COA 26. No. 23CA0484. Affirmative Defenses—Involuntary Intoxication—Lay Witness Testimony by Law Enforcement.

Request for Comments

Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure

In re People v. Silva-Jaquez.

2025 CO 11. No. 24SA234. Discovery—Inherent Authority—Post-Conviction Proceedings—People v. Kilgore—People v. Owens—Crim. P. 35(c)—C.A.R. 21.

Snedeker v. People.

2025 CO 10. No. 23SC511. Sentencing.

Disciplinary Case Summaries for Matters Resulting in Diversion and Private Admonition

November 1, 2024, through January 31, 2025

People v. Goldman.

No. 24PDJ088. 1/28/2025. Reciprocal Discipline.

People v. Fogler.

No. 25PDJ10. 2/14/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Efe.

No. 23PDJ056.  11/7/2024. Opinion Imposing Sanctions.

People v. Baker.

No. 25PDJ8. 2/14/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Rojas.

2025 COA 25. No. 23CA1350.  Appeals—Resentencing on Remand—Fifth Amendment—Double Jeopardy—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process.

Schulz v. Laszlo & Associates, LLC.

2025 COA 24. No. 23CA0675. Civil Procedure—Attorney Fees—Tort Actions Dismissed Pursuant to CRCP 12(b)—Amended and Supplemental Pleadings—Amendments as a Matter of Course.

People v. Gray.

2025 COA 23. No. 23CA0085. Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—Evidence—Witnesses—Cross-Examination—Probationary Status—Self-Defense Affirmative Defense.

People v. Trujillo.

2025 COA 22. No. 22CA1067.  Model Jury Instructions—Attempt to Commit Retaliation Against a Witness or Victim—Specific Intent as an Element of Liability—Sufficiency of Evidence—As-Applied Constitutional Challenge—Specific Intent.

Board of Governors of the Colorado State University v. Alderman.

2025 CO 9. No. 23SC565. Unjust Enrichment— Effect of Express Contract—Statutory or Legislative Law.

League of Women Voters of Greeley, Weld County, Inc. v. Board of County Commissioners.

2025 CO 8. No. 24SC394. Home Rule Counties—Colorado Constitution—Redistricting Statutes—Standing—Private Right of Action—County Commissioners—Redistricting Process—Elections—Election Maps.

United States v. Caldwell.

No. 24-3134. 2/19/2025. D.Kan. Judge Matheson. Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act—Failure to Register as a Sex Offender—Concurrent Offenses—US Sentencing Guidelines—Relevant Conduct—Criminal History Points.

United States v. Goldesberry.

No. 23-5008. 2/19/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Rossman. Sexual Abuse in Indian Country—Sufficiency of Evidence—Equipoise Principle.