BNC Metropolitan District No. 1 v. BNC Metropolitan District No. 3.

2025 COA 52. No. 24CA1093. Breach of Fiduciary Duty—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Actions Against Public Employees—Acts or Omissions Outside the Scope of Employment—Notice of Claim.

Parental Responsibilities Concerning C.E.S.K.

2025 COA 51. No. 23CA1608. Allocation of Parental Responsibilities—Permanent Orders—Death of Party Before Entry of Permanent Orders—Motion to Intervene—Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

People v. Schlehuber.

2025 COA 50. No. 23CA1576. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—CRE 403—CRE 404(b).

People v. Genrich.

2025 COA 49. No. 23CA1183. Crim. P. 35(c)—Postconviction Remedies—New Trial Based on Newly Discovered Evidence—Changed Scientific Standards—Probability of Acquittal.

People v. Melara.

2025 COA 48. No. 23CA1125. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—Lack of Evidence Presented—Plea Offer—Scope of Expert’s Testimony—Severance of Charges—Child Hearsay—Cumulative Error.

In re Trenshaw v. Jennings.

2025 CO 23. No. 24SA262. Physician-Patient Privilege—CRS § 13-90-107(1)(d)—Waiver of the Physician-Patient Privilege—Clark v. District Court—People v. Covington—Jordan v. Terumo BCT, Inc.—CRCP 26(b)(5)—C.A.R. 21.

In re People v. Crawford.

2025 CO 22. No. 24SA226. Stalking—First Amendment—Counterman v. Colorado—Contents of Speech.

In re County Commissioners of Boulder County v. Suncor Energy USA, Inc.

2025 CO 21. No. 24SA206. Federal Preemption—Clean Air Act.

People v. Nkongolo.

2025 CO 20. No. 24SA333. Voluntary Statements—Coercive Conduct—Agent of the Police—Government Actor—Implied Promise or Threat—Suppression of Evidence—Overbore Defendant’s Will.

People v. Chapman.

2025 CO 19. No. 25SA114. Disqualification of Chief Prosecutor or of Office Itself—Discretion of Lower Court—Right of Prosecution to Review.

Bakes v. Denver Health and Hospital Authority.

2025 COA 47. Nos. 24CA0298 & 24CA0325. Health Care Worker Protection Act—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Colorado Whistleblower Act—Prefiling Notice of Claim.

In re People v. Beverly.

2025 CO 18. No. 24SA258. Intervening Cause—Proximate Cause—Suicidal Intent—Distribution—Fentanyl—C.A.R. 21.

Americans for Prosperity v. State of Colorado.

2025 COA 46. No. 24CA1066. Taxation—Taxpayer Bill of Rights—Creation of a New Fee-Based Enterprise—SB 21-260—Single-Subject Requirement—State Revenues Cap.

Johnson v. Staab.

2025 COA 45. No. 24CA0683. Damages—Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Colorado Constitution Article II, § 7—Searches and Seizures—Search Warrant Affidavits—False Statements and Material Omissions.

Marquez v. Schaefer.

2025 COA 44. No. 24CA0357. Firearms—Unlawful Acts—Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic Violence—Conviction for Violating a Municipal Ordinance.

People v. Jones.

2025 COA 43. No. 23CA0590. Character Evidence—Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts—CRE 404(b)—Witness Credibility—Jury Instructions.

Caylao-Do v. Logue.

2025 COA 42. No. 23CA0195. Competency of Juror as Witness—Inquiry Into Validity of Verdict or Indictment—Batson Challenges—Peremptory Strikes—Effect of In Limine Order—CRE 606(b)—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act Damages Cap.

People v. Rose.

No. 24PDJ065. 3/10/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Mattisson.

No. 25PDJ7. 3/18/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

Griefe v. People.

No. 24PDJ061. 3/3/2025. Opinion Denying Reinstatement Under CRCP 242.39.

People v. Arroyo.

No. 24PDJ075. 3/4/2025. Opinion Imposing Sanctions Under CRCP 242.31(b).

Double Eagle Alloys, Inc. v. Hooper.

No. 24-5089. 4/22/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Phillips. Trade Secret Violations—Defend Trade Secrets Act—Oklahoma Uniform Trade Secrets Act—Misappropriation of Confidential Business Information—Civil Conspiracy—Underlying Tort.

United States v. Coulter.

No. 24-6026. 4/15/2025. W.D.Okla. Judge Tymkovich. Restitution—But-for Cause of Victim’s Injuries—Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act—Expert Opinion.

Knellinger v. Young.

No. 23-1018. 4/11/2025. D.Colo. Judge Eid. Colorado Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act—42 USC § 1983—Standing—Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)—Fifth Amendment—Fourteenth Amendment.

United States v. Gutierrez.

No. 23-2076. 4/4/2025. D.N.M. Judge Tymkovich. US Sentencing Guidelines—Sixth Amendment Speedy Trial Right—Postconviction Sentencing—Prosecutorial Delay—Prejudice—COVID-19 Pandemic.

Culp v. Remington of Montrose Golf Club, LLC.

No. 24-1022. 3/31/2025. D.Colo. Judge Hartz. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act—Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act—Inconsistent Special Verdicts—Punitive Damages.

United States v. Romero.

No. 23-8056. 3/26/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Hartz. Guilty Plea—Change of Plea—Affirmative Defense of Duress—Discretion to Accept or Reject Plea—Plea Colloquy—Factual Basis to Support Plea.

Franktown Citizens Coalition II, Inc. v. Independence Water and Sanitation District.

2025 CO 5M. No. 23SA154. Not Nontributary Groundwater—Denver Basin—Augmentation Plan—Anti-Speculation Doctrine—Denial of Motion for Summary Judgment—Injury.

Waugh v. Veith.

No. 24CA0741. Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Costs Awards to Defendants—Required Finding of Frivolousness—General Rule Allowing Prevailing Defendants to Recover Reasonable Costs.

Mid-Century Insurance Co. v. HIVE Construction, Inc.

2025 CO 17. No. 23SC267. Economic Loss Rule—Willful and Wanton Conduct—Construction Contracts.

Sanchez v. Rains Precision Motorsports, Inc.

2025 COA 40. No. 24CA0725. Colorado Motor Vehicle Repair Act of 1977—Repairs on a Motor Vehicle—Negligence—Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict—Sufficiency of Evidence.

People v. Furness.

2025 CO 16. No. 24SA255. Warrantless Searches—Areas of Vehicle—Automobile Exception—Probable Cause.

Garcia v. Centura Health Corp.

2025 CO 15. No. 24SA257. Hospital Lien Statute—Discovery Disputes—Abuse of Discretion.

In re People in Interest of J.D.

2025 CO 14. No. 24SA193. Statutory Construction—Plain Language—Juvenile Justice—Competency to Stand Trial.

People v. Hernandez.

2025 CO 13. No. 24SA213. Appellate Procedure—As-Applied Constitutional Rulings—Facial Constitutional Rulings—C.A.R. 4(b)(6)—CRS § 16-112-102(1)—CRS § 13-4-110(2), (3).

People v. Spomer.

2025 COA 39. No. 23CA1556. Interstate Agreement on Detainers—Detainer Definition—Arrest Warrants.

People v. Harmon.

2025 COA 38. No. 21CA1443. Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—CRE 804—Sufficiency of Evidence—Hearsay Exceptions—Declarant Unavailable—Former Testimony.

Willis v. Twin Shores Master Owner Ass’n.

2025 COA 37. No. 24CA0369. Torts—Common Interest Community Association—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Injured Party’s Status as Invitee Versus Licensee—Summary Judgment.

People v. Claycomb.

2025 COA 36. No. 23CA1112. Jury Instructions—Definitional Instructions—Proximate Cause—Instructions Regarding Continued Deliberation.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

Request for Comments: Colorado Rules of Evidence

People v. Duran.

2025 COA 34. No. 23CA1134. Postconviction Remedies—Assault in the First Degree—Extreme Indifference—Eighth Amendment—Proportionality Review—Per Se Grave or Serious Offenses.

Luethje v. Kyle.

No. 24-1257. 3/19/2025. D.Colo. Judge McHugh. Fourth Amendment—Unlawful Search—Warrantless Arrest—Excessive Force—Qualified Immunity—Use of Canine—Failure to Supervise.

Iron Bar Holdings, LLC v. Cape.

No. 23-8043. 3/18/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Tymkovich. Checkerboard Land Parcels—Trespass—Corner-Crossing—Unlawful Inclosures Act—Summary Judgment.

United States v. Gaye.

No. 23-1240. 3/10/2025. D.Colo. Judge Tymkovich. Search Warrant—Bullet Removed With Patient’s Consent—False Report of a Crime—Felon in Possession of a Firearm—Fourth Amendment—Motion to Suppress.

United States v. Norton.

No. 24-2059. 3/5/2025. D.N.M. Judge McHugh. DNA Evidence—Motion to Suppress—False Statement in Search Warrant Application—Fourth Amendment.

United States ex rel. Fiorisce, LLC v. Colorado Technical University, Inc.

No. 24-1047. 3/4/2025. D.Colo. Judge Matheson. Qui Tam Lawsuit—Appellate Jurisdiction—Collateral Source Doctrine—False Claims Act—Public Disclosure Bar—Motion to Dismiss.

United States v. Davis.

No. 24-5018. 2/25/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Kelly. US Sentencing Guidelines § 4A1.2(c)(2)—Prior Conviction for Underage Drinking—Conviction Similar to a Juvenile Status Offense—Common Sense Approach to Similarity Analysis.

In re Raykin.

2025 CO 12. No. 24SA216. Colorado Rules of Professional Conduct—ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions—Court Rules Interpretation—Colo. RPC 4.4(a).

Martinez v. Cast, LLC.

2025 COA 32. No. 23CA1909. Landlords and Tenants—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Local Ordinances—International Fire Code—Smoke Alarms—Landowner.

Estate of Ross v. Public Service Co. of Colorado.

2025 COA 31. No. 23CA1537. Wrongful Death—Limitation on Damages—Felonious Killing Exception—Corporations—49 C.F.R. § 192.614.

People v. Rodriguez-Ortiz.

2025 COA 30. No. 22CA0224. Possession, Use, or Removal of Explosives or Incendiary Devices—Fourth Amendment—Searches and Seizures—Search Warrants—Probable Cause—Particularity—Expert Testimony—Sentencing.

Judicial Department Forms—March 2025

In re Marriage of Dale.

2025 COA 29. No. 24CA1065. Modification of Parenting Time—Restriction of Parenting Time—Quantitative Versus Qualitative Reduction.

Curry v. Brewer.

2025 COA 28. No. 24CA0364. Workers’ Compensation—Coverage and Liability—Independent Contractors—Cause of Action Brought Against Another Not in the Same Employ—Evidence of Negligence.

Gilley v. Oviatt.

2025 COA 27. No. 23CA1950. Negligence—Damages—Past Medical Expenses—Substantial Evidence—Necessary and Reasonable Treatment Incurred as a Result of an Accident—Motion for Directed Verdict.

People v. Williams.

2025 COA 26. No. 23CA0484. Affirmative Defenses—Involuntary Intoxication—Lay Witness Testimony by Law Enforcement.

Request for Comments

Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure

In re People v. Silva-Jaquez.

2025 CO 11. No. 24SA234. Discovery—Inherent Authority—Post-Conviction Proceedings—People v. Kilgore—People v. Owens—Crim. P. 35(c)—C.A.R. 21.

Snedeker v. People.

2025 CO 10. No. 23SC511. Sentencing.

Disciplinary Case Summaries for Matters Resulting in Diversion and Private Admonition

November 1, 2024, through January 31, 2025

People v. Goldman.

No. 24PDJ088. 1/28/2025. Reciprocal Discipline.

People v. Fogler.

No. 25PDJ10. 2/14/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Efe.

No. 23PDJ056.  11/7/2024. Opinion Imposing Sanctions.

People v. Baker.

No. 25PDJ8. 2/14/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Rojas.

2025 COA 25. No. 23CA1350.  Appeals—Resentencing on Remand—Fifth Amendment—Double Jeopardy—Fourteenth Amendment—Due Process.

Schulz v. Laszlo & Associates, LLC.

2025 COA 24. No. 23CA0675. Civil Procedure—Attorney Fees—Tort Actions Dismissed Pursuant to CRCP 12(b)—Amended and Supplemental Pleadings—Amendments as a Matter of Course.

People v. Gray.

2025 COA 23. No. 23CA0085. Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—Evidence—Witnesses—Cross-Examination—Probationary Status—Self-Defense Affirmative Defense.

People v. Trujillo.

2025 COA 22. No. 22CA1067.  Model Jury Instructions—Attempt to Commit Retaliation Against a Witness or Victim—Specific Intent as an Element of Liability—Sufficiency of Evidence—As-Applied Constitutional Challenge—Specific Intent.

Board of Governors of the Colorado State University v. Alderman.

2025 CO 9. No. 23SC565. Unjust Enrichment— Effect of Express Contract—Statutory or Legislative Law.

League of Women Voters of Greeley, Weld County, Inc. v. Board of County Commissioners.

2025 CO 8. No. 24SC394. Home Rule Counties—Colorado Constitution—Redistricting Statutes—Standing—Private Right of Action—County Commissioners—Redistricting Process—Elections—Election Maps.

United States v. Caldwell.

No. 24-3134. 2/19/2025. D.Kan. Judge Matheson. Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act—Failure to Register as a Sex Offender—Concurrent Offenses—US Sentencing Guidelines—Relevant Conduct—Criminal History Points.

United States v. Goldesberry.

No. 23-5008. 2/19/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Rossman. Sexual Abuse in Indian Country—Sufficiency of Evidence—Equipoise Principle.

Works v. Byers.

No. 22-7054. 2/14/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Carson. Sexual Conduct Involving Inmates—Eighth Amendment—Qualified Immunity—Jurisdiction to Review Factual Record De Novo.

Vincent v. Bondi.

No. 21-4121. 2/11/2025. D.Utah. Judge Bacharach. Second Amendment—18 USC § 922(g)(1)—Prohibition on Firearms Possession by Convicted Felons—Presumptive Lawfulness of Prohibition.

United States v. Bruce.

No. 23-7061. 1/28/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Hartz. Sexual Abuse in Indian Country—Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1)(B)—Admissibility of Recorded Statements—Prior Consistent Statements—Structural Error.

Workman v. US Postal Service.

No. 24-2033. 1/28/2025. D.N.M. Judge Hartz. Fed. R. Civ. P. 27—Requirements for Perpetuating Testimony—Inability to Bring Lawsuit—Risk of Losing Testimony—Avoidance of Unnecessary Litigation.

Tracy v. Surofchek.

2025 COA 21. No. 24CA1058. Colorado Rules of Appellate Procedure—Costs on Appeal Taxable in the Trial Court—Premiums Paid for Supersedeas or Other Bond—Letters of Credit—C.A.R. 39—CRCP 121.

303 Beauty Bar LLC v. Division of Labor Standards and Statistics.

2025 COA 20. No. 24CA0548. Labor and Industry—Wages—Permitted Payroll Deductions—Goods or Services.

In re Estate of Schmier.

2025 COA 19. No. 24CA0261. Probate—Formal Closure of Testate Estate—Applicability of CRS §§ 15-12-1001 and -1002.

Campaign Integrity Watchdog LLC v. Colorado Secretary of State.

2025 COA 18. No. 24CA0128. Fair Campaign Practices Act—Campaign Finance Complaints—Investigation and Enforcement—Separation of Powers—Due Process.

Giron v. Hice.

2025 COA 17. No. 20CA1603. Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Immunity and Partial Waiver—Emergency Vehicles.

People in the Interest of L.E.R-N.

2025 COA 16. No. 23CA0059. Colorado Children’s Code—Delinquency Adjudications—Custodial Interrogations—Statements or Admissions—Presence of Parent, Guardian, or Legal or Physical Custodian—Prior Inconsistent Statements—Sufficiency of Evidence.

Frazee v. People.

2025 CO 7. No. 23SC85. Criminal Procedure—Miranda—Fifth Amendment—Agent of Law Enforcement.

Densmore v. People.

2025 CO 6. No. 23SC81. Criminal Procedure—Fifth Amendment—Miranda—Agent of Law Enforcement.

Franktown Citizens Coalition II, Inc. v. Independence Water and Sanitation District.

2025 CO 5. No. 23SA154. Not-Non-tributary Groundwater—Denver Basin—Augmentation Plan—Anti-speculation Doctrine—Denial of Motion for Summary Judgment—Injury.

People v. Morris.

2025 COA 15. No. 23CA1927. Stalking—First Amendment—Freedom of Speech—Defendant’s Actions—Sufficiency of Evidence.

People v. Mena.

2025 COA 14. No. 22CA0563. Colorado Constitution—Equal Protection—Sexual Assault on a Child—Unlawful Sexual Conduct—Inducement or Coercion of a Child—Victim Impact Evidence.

People v. Van Der Jagt.

No. 24PDJ054. 11/26/2024. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Slaughter.

No. 24PDJ089. 11/26/2024. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Scabavea.

No. 24PDJ034. 11/15/2024. Opinion Imposing Sanctions.

People v. Piccone.

No. 24PDJ007. 12/12/2024. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Oserow Rhodes.

No. 24PDJ035. 12/12/2024. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Meyers Byrnes.

No. 24PDJ040. 12/18/2024. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Louth.

No. 24PDJ057. 1/2/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Krob.

No. 24PDJ056. 12/31/2024. Opinion Approving Stipulation to Discipline.

Jansen v. People.

No. 24PDJ025. 12/18/2024. Opinion Denying Reinstatement.

People v. English.

No. 23PDJ064. 10/22/2024. Opinion Imposing Sanctions.

People v. DeFranco.

No. 24PDJ093. 12/23/2024. Reciprocal Discipline.