People in Interest of Kay.W.

2025 CO 48. No. 24SC621. Dependency and Neglect Proceedings—Adjudicatory Trials—Jury Demand—Jury Waiver—Failure to Appear—Timeliness of Renewing Jury Demand—CRS § 19-3-202—C.R.J.P. 4.3—CRCP 39—Default Judgment.

People v. Mills.

2025 CO 47. 24SA148. Seizure—Search—Search Warrant—Reasonable Delay—Suppression of Evidence—C.A.R. 4.1.

People v. Wiener.

No. 25PDJ16. 4/2/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Tucker.

No. 25PDJ24. 4/11/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Raykin.

No. 23PDJ046. 7/3/2024. Opinion Imposing Sanctions.

Park v. People.

No. 24PDJ071. 3/31/2025. Opinion Denying Reinstatement Under CRCP 242.39.

Menges v. People.

No. 25PDJ17. 4/22/2025. Stipulation to Reinstatement.

People v. Mattisson.

No. 25PDJ7. 3/18/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Houton.

No. 25PDJ35. 5/16/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Davis.

No. 25PDJ21. 4/10/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Bauer.

No. 25PDJ29. 5/9/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Barr.

No. 24PDJ033. 5/5/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

Coomer v. Make Your Life Epic, LLC.

No. 24-1390. 6/18/2025. D.Colo. Per Curiam. Nonparty Subpoena for Deposition—Failure to Comply With Subpoena—Contempt Order—Jurisdiction Over Interlocutory Appeal—Waiver of Appellate Arguments.

United States v. Chavarria.

No. 23-2102. 6/16/2025. D.N.M. Judge Tymkovich. Federal Kidnapping Statute—Motor Vehicle—“Instrumentality of Interstate Commerce”—Federal Jurisdiction.

Gabaldon v. New Mexico State Police.

No. 24-2104. 6/11/2025. D.N.M. Judge Carson. Traffic Stop—Reasonable Suspicion—Discovery—Deposition Testimony—Sham Affidavit—Spoliation of Evidence—Summary Judgment.

United States v. Cortez.

No. 23-2177. 6/10/2025. D.N.M. Judge Baldock. Reentry of a Removed Alien—Multiple Criminal Convictions—Recent and Serious Criminal Misconduct—Sentencing—Upward Departure From US Sentencing Guidelines.

United States v. Nahkai.

No. 24-4058. 6/3/2025. D.Utah. Judge Kelly. Law Enforcement Interviews—Miranda Advisement—Custodial Interrogation—Motion to Suppress.

Cruz v. City of Deming.

No. 24-2091. 5/28/2025. D.N.M. Judge Tymkovich. Use of Force—Reasonableness—Qualified Immunity—New Mexico Tort Claims Act.

Rios v. People.

2025 CO 46. No. 23SC571. Constitutional Law—Sixth Amendment—Right to Public Trial—Courtroom Closures—Waller Test.

People v. Bialas.

2025 CO 45. No. 23SC520. Constitutional Law—Sixth Amendment—Right to Public Trial—Courtroom Closures—Waller Test.

Randolph v. People.

2025 CO 44. No. 23SC167. Soliciting for Child Prostitution—CRS § 18-7-402—Mens Rea—Knowingly—Intentionally—CRS § 18-1-501—CRS § 18-1-503—People v. Emerterio—People v. Ross.

People v. Schnorenberg.

2025 CO 43. No. 23SC776. Securities Fraud—Evidence—Jury Instructions.

People v. Ray.

2025 CO 42. No. 10SA157. Res Gestae—Other Misconduct by Accused—Other Misconduct Showing Motive—Character of Accused—Impeachment Evidence—Character of Victim—Victim Impact Evidence—Victim Fear Evidence—In-Life Photographs—Hearsay—Hearsay Exceptions—“Opening the Door”—Prosecutorial Misconduct—Presumption of Innocence—Rebuttal Argument—Harmless Error—Plain Error—Cumulative Error—Misconduct of or Affecting Jurors—Cruel and Unusual Punishment.

People v. Gallegos.

2025 CO 41. No. 23SC605. Criminal Law—Felony Murder—Raising the Affirmative Defense to Felony Murder.

Terra Management Group, LLC v. Keaten.

2025 CO 40. 23SC272. Sanctions—Spoliation—Adverse Inference—Causation—Duty to Preserve Evidence—Pending or Reasonably Foreseeable Litigation.

Sebastian Holdings, Inc. v. Johansson.

2025 COA 60. No. 24CA1175. Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure—Substituted Service—Due Diligence—Reasonably Calculated to Give Actual Notice—Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters.

Macomber v. Nations Roof, LLC.

2025 COA 59. No. 24CA1094. Landlords and Tenants—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Definition of Landowner—Amendment of Complaint.

People in the Interest of R.Z.

2025 COA 58. No. 24CA1009. Colorado Constitution—Due Process—Second Amendment—Right to Bear Arms—Care and Treatment of Persons With Mental Health Disorders—Certification for Short-Term Treatments—National Instant Criminal Background Check System.

Spectrum Retirement Communities, LLC v. Continental Casualty Co.

2025 COA 57. No. 24CA34. Insurance—COVID-19—Direct Physical Loss—Property Rendered Uninhabitable—Judgment on the Pleadings.

Cantafio v. Schnelle.

2025 CO 39. No. 24SC204. Malicious Prosecution—Probable Cause—Summary Judgment—Directed Verdict.

Colorado Education Association v. Colorado State Board of Education.

2025 COA 56. No. 24CA1085. Licensed Personnel Performance Evaluation Act—Performance Evaluation Ratings for Teachers—Process for Nonprobationary Teacher to Appeal Second Consecutive Performance Evaluation Rating of Ineffective or Partially Ineffective—Deference Accorded to Agency Interpretation of Its Statute—Burden of Proof.

People v. Sotade.

2025 CO 38. No. 25SA9. Colorado Criminal Justice Records Act—Statutory Interpretation—Venue—Ancillary Jurisdiction.

Hushen v. Gonzales.

2025 CO 37. No. 23SC818. Quasi-Judicial—Absolute Privilege—Title IX.

Jefferson County v. Dozier.

2025 CO 36. No. 23SC483. Governmental Immunity—Dangerous Condition—Waiver of Immunity—Burden of Proof—Pretrial Procedure—Municipal, County, and Local Government—Unintended or Unreasonable Results; Absurdity.

In re Parental Responsibilities Concerning K.M.S.

2025 CO 35. No. 24SC788. Statutory Construction—Plain Language—Standing—Grandparent Visitation.

Bertoia v. Galaxy Management Co.

2025 COA 55. No. 23CA2110. Bankruptcy—Breach of Contract—Abuse of Process—Sixth Amendment—Federal Supremacy—Preemption.

People in Interest of R.M.P.

2025 CO 34. No. 25SA78. Dependency and Neglect—Dependency and Neglect Proceedings and Procedure—Standing—Parens Patriae —Non-State Parties in Dependency and Neglect Proceedings—Counsel for Youth—Guardian ad Litem—People in Interest of R.E.

People in Interest of A.T.S.

2025 COA 53. No. 22CA1175. Delinquency—Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—Child Victim’s Trial Testimony—Use of Closed-Circuit Television—Defendant’s Presence—Prosecutorial Misconduct—Sufficiency of Evidence.

Judicial Department Forms—May 2025

J.H. v. Anthem Blue Cross Life and Health Insurance Co.

No. 24-4052. 5/21/2025. D.Utah. Judge Hartz. Employee Retirement Income Security Act—Employee Welfare Benefit Plan—Limitations Period—Time-Barred Actions.

United States v. Rosenschein.

No. 23-2017. 5/12/2025. D.N.M. Judge Eid. Possession and Distribution of Child Pornography—Electronic Service Providers—Reports of Child Exploitation—Fourth Amendment—Motion to Suppress—Motion to Dismiss.

Mauldin v. Driscoll.

No. 24-7010. 5/6/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Federico. Employment—Age Discrimination in Employment Act—Title VII of the Civil Rights Act—Retaliation—Interested Witness Evidence—Summary Judgment—Pretext.

United States v. Ward.

No. 23-7088. 5/6/2025. E.D.Okla. Judge Bacharach. Miranda Rights—Post-Arrest Partial Silence—Due Process—Cross-Examination.

AdHealth, Ltd. v. PorterCare Adventist Health Systems.

No. 24-1273. 5/2/2025. D.Colo. Judge Phillips. Hospitals—Self-Insurance—Excess Liability Coverage—Definition of Medical Incident.

United States v. Day.

No. 23-5084. 5/2/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Hartz. Possession of Fentanyl With Intent to Distribute—US Sentencing Guidelines § 2D1.1(b)(12)—Rental Unit—Premises Control—Meaning of “Maintain”—Possessory Interest in Premises.

Concerning the Application for Water Rights of Town of Firestone.

2025 CO 33. No. 24SA109. Water Law—Conditional Groundwater Rights—Augmentation Plans.

Snow v. People.

2025 CO 32. No. 23SC775. Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Postconviction Proceedings—Illegal Manner—Illegal Sentence—Crim. P. 35(a)—Crim. P. 32—People v. Weeks—Meza v. People

Tennyson v. People.

2025 CO 31. No. 23SC168. Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Postconviction Proceedings—Illegal Manner—Illegal Sentence—Crim. P. 35(a)—Crim. P. 32—People v. Weeks—Sanoff v. People—People v. Baker—Meza v. People.

People v. Roberson.

2025 CO 30. No. 23SC622. Criminal Procedure—Restitution—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Waiver—Statutory Rights.

Johnson v. People.

2025 CO 29. No. 23SC525. Criminal Procedure—CRS § 18-1.3-603—Restitution—Waiver—Directory Statutes—Statutory Rights.

People in Interest of B.C.B.

2025 CO 28. No. 24SC539. Dependency and Neglect—In Utero Substance Exposure.

American Heritage Railways, Inc. v. Colorado Public Utilities Commission.

2025 CO 27. No. 24SA184. Public Utilities—Jurisdiction—Standing—Due Process.

Babcock v. People.

2025 CO 26. No. 23SC583. Restitution—Statutory Interpretation—Procedural Deadlines—Statutory Waiver.

People v. Ganaway.

2025 CO 25. No. 24SA244. Fourth Amendment—Search and Seizure—Consent.

Bonde v. People.

2025 CO 24. No. 23SC784. Presentence Confinement Credit—CRS § 18-1.3-405—“Confinement”—People v. Hoecher—Community Corrections—Nonresidential Community Corrections Sentences—Parole—Stare Decisis—Mootness—Statutory Interpretation.

BNC Metropolitan District No. 1 v. BNC Metropolitan District No. 3.

2025 COA 52. No. 24CA1093. Breach of Fiduciary Duty—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Actions Against Public Employees—Acts or Omissions Outside the Scope of Employment—Notice of Claim.

Parental Responsibilities Concerning C.E.S.K.

2025 COA 51. No. 23CA1608. Allocation of Parental Responsibilities—Permanent Orders—Death of Party Before Entry of Permanent Orders—Motion to Intervene—Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

People v. Schlehuber.

2025 COA 50. No. 23CA1576. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—CRE 403—CRE 404(b).

People v. Genrich.

2025 COA 49. No. 23CA1183. Crim. P. 35(c)—Postconviction Remedies—New Trial Based on Newly Discovered Evidence—Changed Scientific Standards—Probability of Acquittal.

People v. Melara.

2025 COA 48. No. 23CA1125. Model Jury Instructions—Presumption of Innocence—Burden of Proof—Reasonable Doubt—Lack of Evidence Presented—Plea Offer—Scope of Expert’s Testimony—Severance of Charges—Child Hearsay—Cumulative Error.

In re Trenshaw v. Jennings.

2025 CO 23. No. 24SA262. Physician-Patient Privilege—CRS § 13-90-107(1)(d)—Waiver of the Physician-Patient Privilege—Clark v. District Court—People v. Covington—Jordan v. Terumo BCT, Inc.—CRCP 26(b)(5)—C.A.R. 21.

In re People v. Crawford.

2025 CO 22. No. 24SA226. Stalking—First Amendment—Counterman v. Colorado—Contents of Speech.

In re County Commissioners of Boulder County v. Suncor Energy USA, Inc.

2025 CO 21. No. 24SA206. Federal Preemption—Clean Air Act.

People v. Nkongolo.

2025 CO 20. No. 24SA333. Voluntary Statements—Coercive Conduct—Agent of the Police—Government Actor—Implied Promise or Threat—Suppression of Evidence—Overbore Defendant’s Will.

People v. Chapman.

2025 CO 19. No. 25SA114. Disqualification of Chief Prosecutor or of Office Itself—Discretion of Lower Court—Right of Prosecution to Review.

Bakes v. Denver Health and Hospital Authority.

2025 COA 47. Nos. 24CA0298 & 24CA0325. Health Care Worker Protection Act—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act—Colorado Whistleblower Act—Prefiling Notice of Claim.

In re People v. Beverly.

2025 CO 18. No. 24SA258. Intervening Cause—Proximate Cause—Suicidal Intent—Distribution—Fentanyl—C.A.R. 21.

Americans for Prosperity v. State of Colorado.

2025 COA 46. No. 24CA1066. Taxation—Taxpayer Bill of Rights—Creation of a New Fee-Based Enterprise—SB 21-260—Single-Subject Requirement—State Revenues Cap.

Johnson v. Staab.

2025 COA 45. No. 24CA0683. Damages—Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Colorado Constitution Article II, § 7—Searches and Seizures—Search Warrant Affidavits—False Statements and Material Omissions.

Marquez v. Schaefer.

2025 COA 44. No. 24CA0357. Firearms—Unlawful Acts—Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic Violence—Conviction for Violating a Municipal Ordinance.

People v. Jones.

2025 COA 43. No. 23CA0590. Character Evidence—Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts—CRE 404(b)—Witness Credibility—Jury Instructions.

Caylao-Do v. Logue.

2025 COA 42. No. 23CA0195. Competency of Juror as Witness—Inquiry Into Validity of Verdict or Indictment—Batson Challenges—Peremptory Strikes—Effect of In Limine Order—CRE 606(b)—Colorado Governmental Immunity Act Damages Cap.

People v. Rose.

No. 24PDJ065. 3/10/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

People v. Mattisson.

No. 25PDJ7. 3/18/2025. Stipulation to Discipline.

Griefe v. People.

No. 24PDJ061. 3/3/2025. Opinion Denying Reinstatement Under CRCP 242.39.

People v. Arroyo.

No. 24PDJ075. 3/4/2025. Opinion Imposing Sanctions Under CRCP 242.31(b).

Double Eagle Alloys, Inc. v. Hooper.

No. 24-5089. 4/22/2025. N.D.Okla. Judge Phillips. Trade Secret Violations—Defend Trade Secrets Act—Oklahoma Uniform Trade Secrets Act—Misappropriation of Confidential Business Information—Civil Conspiracy—Underlying Tort.

United States v. Coulter.

No. 24-6026. 4/15/2025. W.D.Okla. Judge Tymkovich. Restitution—But-for Cause of Victim’s Injuries—Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act—Expert Opinion.

Knellinger v. Young.

No. 23-1018. 4/11/2025. D.Colo. Judge Eid. Colorado Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act—42 USC § 1983—Standing—Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)—Fifth Amendment—Fourteenth Amendment.

United States v. Gutierrez.

No. 23-2076. 4/4/2025. D.N.M. Judge Tymkovich. US Sentencing Guidelines—Sixth Amendment Speedy Trial Right—Postconviction Sentencing—Prosecutorial Delay—Prejudice—COVID-19 Pandemic.

Culp v. Remington of Montrose Golf Club, LLC.

No. 24-1022. 3/31/2025. D.Colo. Judge Hartz. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act—Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act—Inconsistent Special Verdicts—Punitive Damages.

United States v. Romero.

No. 23-8056. 3/26/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Hartz. Guilty Plea—Change of Plea—Affirmative Defense of Duress—Discretion to Accept or Reject Plea—Plea Colloquy—Factual Basis to Support Plea.

Franktown Citizens Coalition II, Inc. v. Independence Water and Sanitation District.

2025 CO 5M. No. 23SA154. Not Nontributary Groundwater—Denver Basin—Augmentation Plan—Anti-Speculation Doctrine—Denial of Motion for Summary Judgment—Injury.

Waugh v. Veith.

No. 24CA0741. Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights—Costs Awards to Defendants—Required Finding of Frivolousness—General Rule Allowing Prevailing Defendants to Recover Reasonable Costs.

Mid-Century Insurance Co. v. HIVE Construction, Inc.

2025 CO 17. No. 23SC267. Economic Loss Rule—Willful and Wanton Conduct—Construction Contracts.

Sanchez v. Rains Precision Motorsports, Inc.

2025 COA 40. No. 24CA0725. Colorado Motor Vehicle Repair Act of 1977—Repairs on a Motor Vehicle—Negligence—Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict—Sufficiency of Evidence.

People v. Furness.

2025 CO 16. No. 24SA255. Warrantless Searches—Areas of Vehicle—Automobile Exception—Probable Cause.

Garcia v. Centura Health Corp.

2025 CO 15. No. 24SA257. Hospital Lien Statute—Discovery Disputes—Abuse of Discretion.

In re People in Interest of J.D.

2025 CO 14. No. 24SA193. Statutory Construction—Plain Language—Juvenile Justice—Competency to Stand Trial.

People v. Hernandez.

2025 CO 13. No. 24SA213. Appellate Procedure—As-Applied Constitutional Rulings—Facial Constitutional Rulings—C.A.R. 4(b)(6)—CRS § 16-112-102(1)—CRS § 13-4-110(2), (3).

People v. Spomer.

2025 COA 39. No. 23CA1556. Interstate Agreement on Detainers—Detainer Definition—Arrest Warrants.

People v. Harmon.

2025 COA 38. No. 21CA1443. Sixth Amendment—Confrontation Clause—CRE 804—Sufficiency of Evidence—Hearsay Exceptions—Declarant Unavailable—Former Testimony.

Willis v. Twin Shores Master Owner Ass’n.

2025 COA 37. No. 24CA0369. Torts—Common Interest Community Association—Colorado Premises Liability Act—Injured Party’s Status as Invitee Versus Licensee—Summary Judgment.

People v. Claycomb.

2025 COA 36. No. 23CA1112. Jury Instructions—Definitional Instructions—Proximate Cause—Instructions Regarding Continued Deliberation.

Judicial Department Forms—April 2025

Request for Comments: Colorado Rules of Evidence

People v. Duran.

2025 COA 34. No. 23CA1134. Postconviction Remedies—Assault in the First Degree—Extreme Indifference—Eighth Amendment—Proportionality Review—Per Se Grave or Serious Offenses.

Luethje v. Kyle.

No. 24-1257. 3/19/2025. D.Colo. Judge McHugh. Fourth Amendment—Unlawful Search—Warrantless Arrest—Excessive Force—Qualified Immunity—Use of Canine—Failure to Supervise.

Iron Bar Holdings, LLC v. Cape.

No. 23-8043. 3/18/2025. D.Wyo. Judge Tymkovich. Checkerboard Land Parcels—Trespass—Corner-Crossing—Unlawful Inclosures Act—Summary Judgment.